数字化技术在颅颌面外科中的应用进展与展望

数字化技术的引进极大地推动了颅颌面外科的进步。数字化三维重建、3D模型打印、数字图像模拟手术和手术导板等革新了治疗手段、降低了手术难度、提升了治疗结果的精准性和可预测性,现已成为颅颌面外科常规诊疗手段。相信随着不断完善的动态导航、智能化手术机器人的研发和使用,颅颌面外科将会获得长足的发展。     

数字化外科在疑难甲状腺肿瘤手术中的应用

近10年来数字化外科在临床医学各方面均有广泛应用,推动了外科手术向个体化、精准化发展。通过三维可视化技术对传统影像资料进行深度分析并转化为实时图像,使外科医师能全方位地直观病灶范围及与周围组织器官的位置关系,在预测肿瘤的可切除性、制定手术方案、手术入路、提高手术成功率等方面发挥了重要作用。疑难甲状腺肿瘤手术涉及颈部、纵隔的重要血管、气管、食道等重要器官,手术风险及手术范围术前必须有效的评估。本文就数字化外科技术在疑难甲状腺肿瘤手术中的应用进行述评,结合疑难甲状腺手术的特点,分析应用数字化外科技术指导疑难甲状腺手术的优势。     

Reliability of Different Facial Measurements for Determination of Vertical Dimension of Occlusion in Edentulous Using Accepted Facial Dimensions Recorded from Dentulous Subjects

The study was undertaken to evaluate the reliability of different facial measurements for determination of vertical dimension of occlusion in edentulous subjects using accepted facial dimensions recorded from dentulous subjects. The hypothesis was that facial measurements can be used to obtain the vertical dimension of occlusion for edentulous patients where no pre-extraction records exist. A total of 180 subjects were selected in the age groups of 50–60 years, consisting of 75 dentate male and 75 dentate female subjects for whom different facial measurements were recorded including vertical dimension of occlusion and rest, and 15 edentulous male and 15 edentulous female subjects for whom all the facial measurements were recorded including the vertical dimension of rest and occlusion following construction of upper and lower complete dentures. The left outer canthus of eye to angle of mouth distance and the right Ear–Eye distance were found to be as valuable adjuncts in the determination of occlusal vertical dimension. The Glabella–Subnasion distance, the Pupil–Stomion distance, the Pupil–Rima Oris distance and the distance between the two Angles of the Mouth did not have a significant role in the determination of the occlusal vertical dimension. The vertical dimension can be determined with reasonable accuracy by utilizing other facial measurements for patients for whom no pre-extraction records exist.     

Can YouTube enhance student nurse learning?

The delivery of nurse education has changed radically in the past two decades. Increasingly, nurse educators are using new technology in the classroom to enhance their teaching and learning. One recent technological development to emerge is the user-generated content website YouTube. Originally YouTube was used as a repository for sharing home-made videos, more recently online content is being generated by political parties, businesses and educationalists. We recently delivered a module to undergraduate student nurses in which the teaching and learning were highly populated with YouTube resources. We found that the use of YouTube videos increased student engagement, critical awareness and facilitated deep learning. Furthermore, these videos could be accessed at any time of the day and from a place to suit the student. We acknowledge that there are some constraints to using YouTube for teaching and learning particularly around the issue of unregulated content which is often misleading, inaccurate or biased. However, we strongly urge nurse educators to consider using YouTube for teaching and learning, in and outside the classroom, to a generation of students who are native of a rapidly changing digital world.     

数字化摄影与多层螺旋CT在足踝部骨折及脱位的诊断价值比较

目的:比较数字化摄影(DR)与多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在诊断足踝部骨折及关节脱位的应用价值。方法:分析2010年8月至2012年8月收治的52例足踝部骨折及脱位患者(男37例,女15例,年龄15～49岁)的DR及MSCT资料,并与手术或出院诊断对比,比较两者诊断骨折数量、关节脱位的区别,采用R统计软件Wilcoxon符号秩检验(Wilcoxon signed rank test)进行统计学分析。结果:52例MSCT结果与术后或出院诊断结果完全相符。MSCT诊断骨折172处,DR诊断骨折98处,两者在骨折诊断中差异有统计学意义(V=1081,P<0.05);MSCT诊断关节脱位24例,DR诊断关节脱位16例,两者在关节脱位诊断中差异有统计学意义(V=21,P<0.05)。MSCT纠正DR骨折诊断定位6例。结论:MSCT对足踝部骨折及关节脱位的诊断优于DR。DR应首选2个部位的检查。当DR诊断结果不明确或与临床症状不相符时应选择MSCT及多平面重建(MPR)检查,可避免漏诊及误诊。     

数字人体的自组织与简单巨系统和复杂巨系统

本文首先介绍了数字人体的自组织,包括自组织的概念、自组织的状态描述、役使原理、自组织的几种形式,然后从简单巨系统的理论、概念和数学模型等方面描述了数字人体简单巨系统,最后,从把复杂性当作复杂性处理、开放的复杂巨系统、几类典型开放的复杂巨系统和开放的复杂巨系统的方法论几方面简述了数字人体的复杂巨系统.     

数字人体经络信息获取的多光谱探测技术研究

本文首先阐述了数字人体的多光谱探测技术的国内外研究现状和意义;然后讨论了数字人体经络信息获取的多光谱探测技术的研究内容、研究目标、拟采取的研究方法、技术路线,人体经络系统物质流、信息流探测获取的实验方案及可行性分析等;为数字人体经络的信息获取提供了技术方法.     

数字人体空间信息基础设施

本文以数字人体空间信息基础设施建设为目标,讨论了数字人体国家信息基础设施、Internet与Web、下一代Internet、通信网的新发展、中国的国家信息基础设施与提出、数字人体空间数据基础设施及其标准的进展、数字人体的空间信息框架、体系结构和数字人体国家空间信息基础设施规划等.     

数字人体的虚拟与仿真技术

本文首先介绍了数字人体虚拟与仿真技术的基本概念;然后讨论了数字人体虚拟现实系统的基本类型、技术系统的结构、虚拟VR-(IS技术特点与应用、数字人体虚拟系统的关键理论、虚拟系统模型;最后阐述了虚拟现实技术的发展、虚拟现实系统的类型和构成.     

数字人体信息标准化体系和内容研究

数字人体信息化首先是信息标准化.本文分析了数字人体信息系统对信息标准化的需求,对国际上的主要医药信息学标准进行了分析,提出建立一套数字人体信息标准化体系来指导信息化,引进相关标准和新建标准相结合,推动数字人体信息化研究和系统开发.